How to differentiate between a depression compared to a normal problem in life?
Life events
that are stressful can result in normal sadness as well as other symptoms
similar to those present during a depressive episode. These symptoms may
only last a few days. In the case of bereavement, symptoms may last much
longer. Bereavement, however, is a normal process. The duration of
bereavement can vary between cultural groups. If, however, symptoms begin
to prevent an individual from functioning socially or occupationally and
academically and persist beyond a couple of months, especially if
suicidal thinking is present, then the possibility of a depressive
episode being present is much greater. An assessment by a mental health
practitioner would be warranted in such circumstances.
Although depression has a biological basis, stressful life events often
trigger its onset. Certain life events are considered more stressful than
others. Divorce, death of a spouse, and death of a child are considered
very stressful. Additional stressors include marital arguments, a new
job, the presence of a serious personal illness, going to college,
moving, marriage, and the birth of a child. Sometimes the accumulation of
several mild stressors triggers a depressive episode. At one time, it was
presumed that there were two types of depression: endogenous (triggered
from within, or "biological") or exogenous (triggered from environmental
circumstances). Such a distinction is generally not considered applicable
anymore, as most depressions are triggered by environmental
circumstances, and are likely dependent on the person's genetic
vulnerability. A comprehensive mental health evaluation typically
identifies social stressors associated with the depression. Depending on
the nature of the stressors, different treatment modalities may even be
recommended (e.g., family therapy, couples counseling, group therapy).
Again, one of
the reasons that so many people do not get treated for depression is
because of the belief that the depression may be a normal reaction to a
given situation. Sadness is a normal emotion and a normal reaction to
many situations, but depression is a condition that adversely affects the
entire body; left untreated, it can have significant consequences for the
affected individual. Sleep and appetite are adversely affected. The body
may have reduced ability to fight infection. Depression can make recovery
from stroke or heart attack more difficult. A greater risk exists for
drug and alcohol abuse, which in turn can worsen depression and further
impair functioning. Because of the risks of untreated depression, it is
best to seek mental health consultation if there is any question of the
possibility of depression.
